电渗析器（Electrodialyzer, ED）是一种基于离子交换膜和直流电场实现水淡化的电化学分离设备，属于膜分离技术范畴。其核心原理是通过阳离子交换膜选择性透过阳离子、阴离子交换膜透过阴离子，在外加电场作用下使水中离子定向迁移，形成淡水室和浓水室，从而实现脱盐目的。
一、主要组成
离子交换膜：包括阳离子交换膜（允许阳离子通过）和阴离子交换膜（允许阴离子通过）。
电极：通常采用钛涂钌、石墨或不锈钢材料。
隔板：用于分隔膜堆，形成淡水室和浓水室。
二、工作原理
在外加直流电场驱动下，水中离子分别向阳极和阴极迁移。阳离子通过阳膜进入浓水室，阴离子通过阴膜进入浓水室，而淡水室中的离子被去除，从而实现水的淡化。
三、特点
高效脱盐：可处理含盐量高达60克/升的苦咸水，产水电阻率达105Ω·cm。
节能环保：制水成本低，无需化学再生，减少酸碱消耗。
应用广泛：适用于海水淡化、工业废水处理、食品医药纯水制备等领域。
四、应用场景
.海水淡化：解决沙漠地区饮用水源问题。
.工业废水处理：回收电镀、造纸废水中的重金属。
.纯水制备：与离子交换或反渗透技术组合，制取高纯水。
.食品工业：如牛奶脱盐制婴儿奶粉。
Electrodialyzer (ED) is an electrochemical separation device for water desalination based on ion exchange membrane and direct current electric field, belonging to the category of membrane separation technology. The core principle is to selectively pass cations through cation exchange membranes and anions through anion exchange membranes. Under the action of an external electric field, ions in water are directed to migrate, forming freshwater and concentrated water chambers, thus achieving the purpose of desalination.
1、 Main components
Ion exchange membrane: including cation exchange membrane (allowing cations to pass through) and anion exchange membrane (allowing anions to pass through).
Electrodes: typically made of titanium coated ruthenium, graphite, or stainless steel materials.
Partition: used to separate membrane stacks, forming fresh water chambers and concentrated water chambers.
2、 Working principle
Driven by an external DC electric field, ions in water migrate towards the anode and cathode respectively. Cations enter the concentrated water chamber through the cation membrane, anions enter the concentrated water chamber through the anion membrane, and ions in the fresh water chamber are removed, thereby achieving water desalination.
3、 Characteristics
Efficient desalination: capable of processing brackish water with a salt content of up to 60 grams per liter, and producing water with a resistivity of 105 Ω· cm.
Energy saving and environmental protection: Low water production cost, no need for chemical regeneration, reducing acid and alkali consumption.
Widely applicable: Suitable for fields such as seawater desalination, industrial wastewater treatment, food and pharmaceutical pure water preparation, etc.
4、 Application scenarios
Desalination of seawater: solving the problem of drinking water sources in desert areas.
Industrial wastewater treatment: Recycling heavy metals from electroplating and papermaking wastewater.
Pure water preparation: Combined with ion exchange or reverse osmosis technology to produce high-purity water.
Food industry: such as desalination of milk to produce infant formula.
